حقیقت ایمان سے متعلق مختلف کلامی فرق کی آراء کا تحقیقی جائزہ

An Analytical Analysis of the Diverse Theological Views on the Nature of Iman (Faith)

Abstract

The term "Iman" is used for faith, belief, and creed. This term has initiated extensive scholarly discussions in the Islamic tradition, resulting in a range of perspectives among theologians. This article provides a comprehensive analytical analysis of the various theological views concerning the nature of Iman. First of all Muhaddithin’s (Hadith Experts) view is discussed in the light of Sahih Bukhari. According to Muhaddithin Iman is comprised of heartfelt acknowledgment, verbal declaration, and implementation of beliefs through one’s actions and it increases and decreases. They also consider acts are integral parts of Iman. According to Mutakalimeen Ashaaira and Imam Abu Hanifa Iman is Tasdeeq, (affirmation and confirmation) only and acts are not integral components of Iman. The article further explores other theological views about the nature of Iman including those of the Khwaarij, Mutazilla, Murjiah, Jahmiyah, and Karamaia. The majority of theologians agree that Iman comprises belief (Tasdeeq), acknowledgment (Iqrar), and the practical implementation of faith through righteous actions (Amal); and consider these components essential, but there exists a divergence of opinion regarding their relative importance and significance.